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  • As a form of physical therapy, massage therapy is the application of specific hand movements on a patient to improve muscle and joint function by relieving tension, spasm, or other restrictions to proper motion. It may be used for warm-up purposes, for relaxing or stimulating muscles in order to prevent injury, or for rehabilitation of a patient after an injury.

  • Physiotherapy (a term restricted to human physiotherapists), is also known as physical therapy. It involves the use of specific non-invasive treatments (massage, exercise, light, heat, cold, electricity, ultrasound, laser, magnetic therapy, hydrotherapy, acupuncture etc.) to rehabilitate injured patients.

  • Vincristine is a chemotherapeutic drug used to treat cancer in animals. These drugs can cause cancer in humans and should be handled with caution.

  • Vomiting is not a disease but a symptom of many different diseases. Many cases of vomiting are self-limiting after a few days.

  • von Willebrand's disease (vWD) is the most common inherited bleeding disorder of both man and animals. It is caused by a deficiency in the amount of a protein needed to help platelets (a blood cell used in clotting) seal broken blood vessels.

  • Von Willebrands (VWD) disease is a very common inherited bleeding disorder affecting man and animals. It is due to a deficiency of a special protein known as VWD factor antigen.

  • An epidemic of obesity in both humans and companion animals has spawned a large trade in weight loss supplements. A number of supplements have been proposed to assist with weight loss in people and possibly animals.

  • This is more accurately described as acute moist dermatitis. It is commonly known as wet eczema, hot spot eczema or summer eczema.

  • Cancer is a disorder of cell growth (uncontrolled cell division) that results in an abnormal mass of tissue without a purpose. The growth exceeds that of normal tissue, is un-coordinated and persists after the cause has gone.

  • Whipworms, Trichuris vulpis are intestinal parasites which are about 7 cm long. They live in the large intestine (caecum and colon) of dogs where they cause severe irritation to the lining of these organs.