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  • Looking after an Expectant Mare We often think of pregnancy as a delicate and fragile condition. When it comes to horses, this perception is perhaps due to the mare's relatively poor reproductive performance in comparison to other domestic animals. However, in a natural setting, the mare does comparatively well reproductively. Therefore, this seemingly poor performance is due as much to improper management as to any reproductive deficiency. Fortunately, management is something we can control.

  • Lufenuron is prescribed for the control of fleas. It can also help in control of allergic skin disorders caused by fleas (flea allergy dermatitis).

  • Most lung cancers originate from the epithelium lining the airways. In dogs, most are from the alveoli where oxygen is taken up into the body but in people and in cats, most originate in the main airways (bronchi).

  • The patella, or knee cap, should be located in the centre of the knee joint. The term "luxating" means out of place or dislocated.

  • Lyme disease (not Lyme's disease) is caused by a spirochete called Borrelia. It is transmitted to dogs through the bite of a tick.

  • Cancer of the cells of the lymph nodes (lymphoma, lymphosarcoma) has to be distinguished from other causes of lymph node swelling by histopathology. Some types of cancer are slower growing than others but all are potentially life-threatening.

  • Magnetic therapy, more accurately termed magnetic field therapy, is the use of magnetic fields. Fields are generated by either permanent magnets or pulsed electromagnetic fields, for treatment of medical conditions.

  • Bacterial overgrowth, or, more correctly, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is a condition of the small intestine resulting in largely increased numbers of bowel bacteria.

  • This is a tumour originating from the mammary gland tissues that has been classified as malignant (invasive and capable of spread). Although some of these cancers are cured by surgical removal, others recur and some spread to other parts of the body (metastasis).

  • This is a tumour originating from cells of the mammary glands. Most tumours are potentially or already malignant so early surgical removal is important so there is no spread to other parts of the body (metastasis).